What’s wrong?

• Defect (hole) in the wall between ventricles
• 2 common types:


• Perimembranous (Opening in the upper section of the ventricular septum, near to valves)
• Muscular (Opening in the lower section of the ventricular septum). Doubly committed subarterial VSD


• Left to Right shunting occurs

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) (Perimembranous)	Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) (Muscular Interventricular Septal Defects)

Corrective Procedures?

• The defect is closed using patch or direct sutures
• Device closure (possible for muscular VSD)

What are the possible complications after the procedures?

• Ventricular arrhythmias also occur with large VSD
• Arrhythmias-heart block (1-2%) may require insertion of permanent pacemaker if it become prolong (> 2 weeks)
• Residual VSD